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ixc2025:brief [2025/01/19 04:22] – auraaaixc2025:brief [2025/01/19 06:07] (current) – [1.1 Introduction to Sustainability and Smart Homes/Cities] jeanettetan
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 Sustainability is about using resources responsibly to meet our current needs while protecting the environment and ensuring future generations can thrive. It focuses on reducing waste, conserving energy, and promoting eco-friendly practices to create a balance between human activities and the planet’s health. Sustainability is about using resources responsibly to meet our current needs while protecting the environment and ensuring future generations can thrive. It focuses on reducing waste, conserving energy, and promoting eco-friendly practices to create a balance between human activities and the planet’s health.
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 Smart homes are residential spaces equipped with technology that automates and optimizes everyday functions. Using devices like sensors, smart thermostats, and automated systems, these homes improve convenience, efficiency, and sustainability. Smart homes are residential spaces equipped with technology that automates and optimizes everyday functions. Using devices like sensors, smart thermostats, and automated systems, these homes improve convenience, efficiency, and sustainability.
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 Smart cities, on the other hand, scale this concept to the urban level, integrating technology into public infrastructure and services. Through interconnected systems such as traffic management, smart grids, and pollution monitoring, smart cities create more efficient and sustainable environments for entire communities. Smart cities, on the other hand, scale this concept to the urban level, integrating technology into public infrastructure and services. Through interconnected systems such as traffic management, smart grids, and pollution monitoring, smart cities create more efficient and sustainable environments for entire communities.
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 By integrating technology into homes and cities, these innovations provide practical solutions to environmental challenges, enabling individuals and communities to live more sustainably. By integrating technology into homes and cities, these innovations provide practical solutions to environmental challenges, enabling individuals and communities to live more sustainably.
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 ==== 1.2 The Impacts of Smart Cities and Smart Housing ==== ==== 1.2 The Impacts of Smart Cities and Smart Housing ====
  
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-==== 1.3 The Role of IoT in a Smart City ====+==== 1.3 The Role of IoT in a Smart Homes and Cities ==== 
 +**1. Smart Homes** 
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 +**a. Home Automation and Control**: IoT integrates with devices such as smart lights, thermostats, fans, and appliances, allowing them to be controlled via mobile apps, voice assistants (e.g., Alexa, Google Assistant), or even gesture recognition. 
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 +**b. Smart Security Systems**: IoT-enabled cameras and sensors monitor the home in real-time, sending alerts to homeowners in case of unusual activity. Smart locks allow remote locking/unlocking of doors, removing the need for physical keys, while biometric systems enhance security further. 
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 +**c. Energy Management and Efficiency**: Smart meters and IoT-connected thermostats optimize energy usage by learning user preferences and adjusting power consumption accordingly such as refrigerators, etc.  
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 +**2. Smart Cities** 
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 +**a. Smart Transportation Systems**: IoT-enabled sensors on roads, vehicles, and public transport systems monitor traffic flow, accidents, and road conditions.Real-time traffic management systems optimize traffic lights and provide navigation updates to minimize congestion. 
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 +**b. Public Safety and Emergency Services**: Smart surveillance systems equipped with IoT cameras and AI detect criminal activities, monitor crowds, and enhance disaster management.IoT-enabled emergency services provide faster response by tracking incidents like fires, floods, or medical emergencies in real-time. 
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 +**c. Environmental Monitoring**: IoT devices continuously track air and water quality, noise levels, and weather conditions. Smart waste management systems use sensor-equipped bins to notify collection teams when they are full, optimizing garbage disposal routes and reducing costs. 
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 IoT stands for Internet of Things which are basically day-to-day appliances that are now connected to the internet and thus made smart. Such devices can include things like a smart TV, smart refrigerator, surveillance cameras, light bulbs, cars and so on. For example, the lights in a home can be controlled by your phone through the internet. It's good because you don't have to walk all the way over to the light switch and can do it from your phone in the bed.  IoT stands for Internet of Things which are basically day-to-day appliances that are now connected to the internet and thus made smart. Such devices can include things like a smart TV, smart refrigerator, surveillance cameras, light bulbs, cars and so on. For example, the lights in a home can be controlled by your phone through the internet. It's good because you don't have to walk all the way over to the light switch and can do it from your phone in the bed. 
 IoT devices can also have sensors which are great for automation. For example, air-conditioning systems could have sensors that monitor a room's temperature and be automated to keep a room cool. If the room is too hot, the system would work to release cool air. If it's cold enough, it can stop working for a while. Things are simply made convenient. IoT devices can also have sensors which are great for automation. For example, air-conditioning systems could have sensors that monitor a room's temperature and be automated to keep a room cool. If the room is too hot, the system would work to release cool air. If it's cold enough, it can stop working for a while. Things are simply made convenient.
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 ==== 2.2 Basics of IoT Architecture ==== ==== 2.2 Basics of IoT Architecture ====
 IoT architecture typically consists of four main layers that work together to enable connected devices and systems. At the bottom is the perception layer, where sensors and actuators collect data from the physical environment. This feeds into the network layer, which handles data transmission through various protocols like WiFi, Bluetooth, or cellular networks. The processing layer sits above this, managing data storage and analytics using edge or cloud computing resources. Finally, the application layer provides user interfaces and services that make the processed data useful for end-users. These layers work in concert to enable everything from smart home devices to industrial monitoring systems. IoT architecture typically consists of four main layers that work together to enable connected devices and systems. At the bottom is the perception layer, where sensors and actuators collect data from the physical environment. This feeds into the network layer, which handles data transmission through various protocols like WiFi, Bluetooth, or cellular networks. The processing layer sits above this, managing data storage and analytics using edge or cloud computing resources. Finally, the application layer provides user interfaces and services that make the processed data useful for end-users. These layers work in concert to enable everything from smart home devices to industrial monitoring systems.
-==== 2.3 Overview of Hardware Components in the Kit ==== 
-==== 2.4 Software Essentials ==== 
-==== 2.5 Guide to Setting Up the Kit ==== 
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-===== 3. Example Use Cases ===== 
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-===== 4. Measuring Energy Consumption =====